Every contaminant
needs the right process.

A common municipal disinfectant that can remain in distributed water.

What you may notice

Pool-like taste or odour; testing confirms concentration.

Treatment approach

Catalytic carbon treatment at the tap or property entry point.

Relevant technologies

Catalytic CarbonSpecial-CCCarbonBlock-TS3

A longer-lasting disinfectant made from chlorine and ammonia.

What you may notice

Medicinal taste or odour; cannot be reliably identified without testing.

Treatment approach

Adequate contact time with catalytic carbon selected for chloramine.

Relevant technologies

Catalytic CarbonCatalytic Carbon-MGSpecial-CC

Dissolved calcium and magnesium can form hard deposits when water is heated or evaporates.

What you may notice

White deposits on taps, glass, heaters and shower screens.

Treatment approach

Salt-free scale prevention or application-specific softening.

Relevant technologies

Filtersorb SP3Filtersorb CTScale-TechScaleTrapp

Organic matter, disinfectants, storage tanks or plumbing can change how water smells and tastes.

What you may notice

Earthy, metallic, musty or chemical notes.

Treatment approach

Test first, then combine adsorption and filtration as required.

Relevant technologies

Catalytic CarbonActivesorb CXSpecial Filter

Fine suspended particles can enter water through tanks, pipes, construction or source conditions.

What you may notice

Cloudiness, visible particles or sediment in tanks and fixtures.

Treatment approach

Graded filtration selected for particle size, flow and loading.

Relevant technologies

CrystoliteZeosorbKatalyst-LightWatch UF 2500

Naturally occurring or corrosion-derived iron can affect colour, taste and equipment.

What you may notice

Orange-brown staining, metallic taste or deposits.

Treatment approach

Oxidation followed by catalytic filtration and backwashing.

Relevant technologies

Katalyst-LightFerroloxZeosorb

A naturally occurring metal that may appear with iron in source water.

What you may notice

Dark brown or black staining; laboratory testing is recommended.

Treatment approach

Catalytic oxidation and filtration matched to pH and water chemistry.

Relevant technologies

Katalyst-LightKatalyst-Light PlusFerrolox G

A naturally occurring contaminant that may be present in some groundwater sources.

What you may notice

No reliable taste, smell or visual warning — accredited testing is essential.

Treatment approach

Speciation and water chemistry determine the adsorber and pre-treatment design.

Relevant technologies

TitansorbFerroloxKatalyst-Light

Lead can enter water from plumbing components, fittings and legacy infrastructure.

What you may notice

Usually no reliable sensory warning; sample at the point of use.

Treatment approach

Source control plus certified adsorption or filtration media.

Relevant technologies

TitansorbHydroSorbCarbonBlock-TS3

Chromium occurs in different chemical forms and may come from geology or industrial activity.

What you may notice

Laboratory speciation is needed; appearance alone is not diagnostic.

Treatment approach

Targeted adsorption selected for chromium form, pH and competing ions.

Relevant technologies

TitansorbHydroSorbFerrolox X

A trace metal that can enter water from natural or industrial sources.

What you may notice

No dependable taste, odour or colour indicator.

Treatment approach

Laboratory-led adsorption design with appropriate media monitoring.

Relevant technologies

TitansorbHydroSorbMultiTrapp

A metal associated with some industrial sources and plumbing materials.

What you may notice

Testing is required; it is not reliably detectable by the senses.

Treatment approach

Selective adsorption or ion-exchange treatment after full analysis.

Relevant technologies

TitansorbHydroSorbMultiTrapp

Copper may be present naturally or released by corrosion of copper plumbing.

What you may notice

Blue-green stains, metallic taste or pinhole leaks can warrant investigation.

Treatment approach

Control corrosivity and, where needed, add targeted metal removal.

Relevant technologies

CorrTrappKatalyst-LightTitansorb

A naturally occurring element that can be present in some groundwater and industrial waters.

What you may notice

No reliable visual or taste indicator.

Treatment approach

Selective media chosen from a complete ionic analysis.

Relevant technologies

BariumTrappMultiTrapp

A naturally occurring trace element whose concentration varies by geology and source.

What you may notice

Laboratory testing is necessary.

Treatment approach

Targeted adsorption with pH and competing-ion review.

Relevant technologies

TitansorbFerrolox

Naturally occurring radioactive elements may be found in some groundwater sources.

What you may notice

No sensory warning; specialist laboratory testing is required.

Treatment approach

Engineered adsorption or co-precipitation with controlled media handling.

Relevant technologies

TitansorbKatalyst-LightHydroSorb

Microorganisms can enter through source contamination, tanks, pipework or maintenance events.

What you may notice

Water may look normal; microbiological testing is the only reliable check.

Treatment approach

Source protection, oxidation/disinfection and validated physical barriers.

Relevant technologies

AquaRedoxVirol-OxyWatch UF 2500

A bacterium associated with certain warm-water building systems and stagnation conditions.

What you may notice

Not identifiable by taste, smell or appearance.

Treatment approach

A building water-management plan with specialist testing and treatment.

Relevant technologies

Legio-OxyAquaRedoxIn-Pipe Clarifier

Microbial layers can develop on tanks, pipework and wetted surfaces.

What you may notice

Slime, recurring odour or unstable microbiological results may indicate a problem.

Treatment approach

Cleaning, hydraulic correction and a validated treatment programme.

Relevant technologies

BioDos-CBLegio-OxyIn-Pipe Clarifier

A large family of persistent fluorinated compounds from many industrial and consumer uses.

What you may notice

No taste, smell or visible indicator; specialised analysis is needed.

Treatment approach

Media selection depends on PFAS profile, chain length and competing organics.

Relevant technologies

HydroSorbCatalytic Carbon-MGMicroTrapp

Small plastic particles may originate from source water, packaging, textiles and infrastructure.

What you may notice

Most particles are too small to see without specialist analysis.

Treatment approach

Multi-stage filtration and adsorption matched to particle-size distribution.

Relevant technologies

MicroTrappWatch UF 2500HydroSorb

Trace organic compounds can reach source water through agriculture, wastewater and disposal pathways.

What you may notice

Typically no sensory indicator; advanced laboratory screening is required.

Treatment approach

High-surface-area adsorption, carbon polishing and performance monitoring.

Relevant technologies

HydroSorbCatalytic Carbon-MGTitansorb-P

Volatile and dissolved organics may arise from fuels, solvents, industry or distribution systems.

What you may notice

Some create odour, many do not; test against the suspected source.

Treatment approach

Targeted carbon or specialised adsorption with adequate contact time.

Relevant technologies

Catalytic CarbonActivesorb 200MicroTrapp

Nitrogen compounds can enter water from agriculture, wastewater or natural processes.

What you may notice

Water generally looks, tastes and smells normal.

Treatment approach

Selective nitrate treatment sized from a complete water analysis.

Relevant technologies

NitroTrappNitro-Soft

Fluoride can be naturally occurring or intentionally present depending on the water supply.

What you may notice

Concentration cannot be determined by taste or appearance.

Treatment approach

Selective adsorption designed around pH and competing ions.

Relevant technologies

HydroSorbMultiTrapp

A highly soluble anion associated with certain industrial and environmental sources.

What you may notice

No dependable sensory indicator.

Treatment approach

Specialist selective treatment following confirmed analysis.

Relevant technologies

HydroSorbMultiTrapp

Ammonium may occur naturally, enter from wastewater or form part of chloramine chemistry.

What you may notice

May contribute to odour or unstable disinfection; testing is required.

Treatment approach

Adsorption, biological or oxidation treatment depending on conditions.

Relevant technologies

ZeosorbOxysorbRedOxy

A dissolved gas commonly associated with some groundwater and anaerobic conditions.

What you may notice

Characteristic rotten-egg odour, often stronger at hot taps.

Treatment approach

Oxidation followed by catalytic filtration and ventilation where appropriate.

Relevant technologies

Katalyst-LightKatalyst-Light PlusOxysorb

Aggressive water chemistry can attack metal plumbing, fixtures and equipment over time.

What you may notice

Metallic taste, discoloured water, blue-green stains or repeated leaks.

Treatment approach

Assess pH, alkalinity, chloride and materials, then stabilise water chemistry.

Relevant technologies

CorrTrappZincPhos-CTCarboFix

Dissolved silica can create stubborn deposits in membranes, boilers and high-recovery systems.

What you may notice

Hard, glass-like deposits that resist common acid cleaning.

Treatment approach

Source-specific silica control and recovery management.

Relevant technologies

SilicaTrappROSoft

Boron is naturally present in seawater and can be relevant in desalination, irrigation and reuse.

What you may notice

No sensory indicator; laboratory analysis is required.

Treatment approach

Selective boron treatment matched to pH, concentration and end use.

Relevant technologies

BoronTrappROSoft